Journal 7

1. The research displays an interest in the strategies and processes of professional editors of writing. She did this by observing six professional writers. The main research questions that guided their work are: “What approach is taken by those who make their living revising-that is, professional editors? What defines revision in a professional context? How is their revision process influenced by the mandate they receive, their concept of revision, and their experience?”

2. In order to collect their data, they first separated the six editors into two groups. One group was for the expert editors and the other group was for the less experienced editors. They did this to see if experience plays a role with their behavior. Another research methodology for this article was to carefully film and observe the editors.

3. There are many differences between professional editors and student editors. For instance, the professional editors are paid by their writer; therefore, the editor can gain an insight on the writer’s ability to write as well as their writing tendencies. On the other hand, students cannot determine the level of writing skills of their peers. Also, in professional editing, editing is merely a process of writing. Whereas, self-revision is “one of the three sub processes of writing.” Another difference which was noted was that professional writers put more effort and time into their work than students do.

Journal 6 (Dropbox not available on web ct)

1. Bitzer refers to rhetorical situations in many different ways. He stresses that a rhetorical situation does not consist simply of understanding a speech, in depends on understanding the context of the meaning. Thus, no concept is truly comprehended unless the meaning is understood. He also says that meaning is a general term and has nothing to do with a rhetorical situation. Also, a rhetorical situation does not need to occur in a setting where there is a speaker, audience, or a communicative purpose because “philosophical and scientific, occur in such settings.” He also says that a rhetorical situation does not have to do with persuasion, or trying to alter the beliefs of an audience.
2. A “rhetorical situation,” according to Bitzer, always occurs for some reason, it perform some task. Hence, it always produces an action. He also defines its function “as a fitting response to a situation which needs and invites it.” Therefore, “rhetorical situation” is necessary in some situations. Finally he states,”rhetorical situation may be defined as a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence. ..”
3. In many situations, exigence can occur but they are not all elements of rhetorical situations. An exigent is something that is not perfect, but it is marked by some sort of importance. He defines it as “… a defect, an obstacle, something waiting to be done …” An example of exigence when it is rhetorical: a restaurant owner uses spoiled and rotten food. His actions cause health problems to the costumers. His actions can be stopped if someone addresses him.

Journal 5

In the English Studies book, one main argument presented was about English studies. Many questions have been brought up about this topic concerning English studies about whether it is in a crisis. Many scholars have given their opinion on this highly debated topic. For instance, James Berlin firmly believes and has stated that “English studies is in crisis.” Many believe that throughout the years, English studies had declined in importance and is not pushed upon the youth as it once was. Others such as Bruce McComiskey, debate that the problems occurring with English studies can be solved and that if everyone works together, this problem can and will be diminished. Scholars care about this issue because English studies is a very important topic that people must truly understand the concept of in order to succeed in other subjects as well. Understanding English studies will benefit people in many areas of their life.

Journal 3

1. When Bartholomae says that students must "invent the university" he suggests that students must undertake a specific writing process in order to make a new piece of writing. He says that students must learn how to speak in a way that applies to the audience that he/she is speaking to. The student must know what to speak about and must know of the audience of which they are trying to target. The writer must be prepared for the readers response .
2. Bartholomae suggests that students should become "insiders" by truly beleiving, comprehending, and having an interrest for what they are writing about. If they lack any of these characteristics, how can they possibly create a masterpiece that they themselves understand or know the meaning of? It is very important for a writer to have a passion for what he/she is writing about in order for their true feelings to come out. After all, we all have the right to speak what is on our mind.
3. The first paper is more bland as it gets straight to the point with very little detail. This paper does not give the reader any feeling nor vivid details for the reader to imagine. The second paper goes more in depth and is a better written paper. This paper has more analysis on the topic they are writing about and uses more detail. Bartholomae's opinion was that the first paper was not an "elegant paper." He finds this paper to be too simple and that the discourse was "natural." Bartholomae likes the fact that the second paper starts off about creativity but then the author realizes that all a long he was not being creative because he/she was copying songs. The author then analyzes if he/she really was being creative.

List

Expert at:

• Playing mario
• Basketball
• Nutrition Facts
• Movies
• Sleeping

Interests:

• Psychology
• Anatomy and Physiology
• Dancing
• Music

Journal 2

Claim: Public smoking should be banned

Data: Causes many health problems

Grounds: Lung cancer, obesity, heart problems

Warrant: Smoking should be banned in public places in order to protect individuals and chrildren from the effects of tobacco

Backing: Children and babies have no choice about inhaling adults’ smoke, They are at greater risk for repsiratory and ear infections, second hand smoke contains five regulated hazardous air pollutants, more than fifty known cancer-causing agents

Qualifier: “may cause”, Typically

Conditions for rebut: Unless the people around the smokers don’t mind the smoking


http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2003/jul/04/smoking.publichealth

Link to Journal 1

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2003/jul/04/smoking.publichealth

Journal 1

The claim in the article is that smoking should be banned in public. The author uses the policy claim as he writes to persuade the readers of his beliefs. The author uses the pathos approach as he states that smoking should be banned to protect, “individuals and vulnerable children from the toxic effects of other people’s tobacco.” The author uses the ethos approach as he advises parents and adults that it is not fair that children are susceptible to respiratory and ear infections due to secondhand smoking which they have no control over. Lastly, the author uses the logo approach as he gives examples of how smoking is bad for your health, therefore, is should be banned. He says that cancer causes lung disease, cancer, obesity, heart problems, and many more health risks.